Combination-tool.



vPATENTE) MAY 5, 1903.

WIT ESSES vh 'l //f/.

Patented 'May 5, 1903.

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-lrfrEfNfr JAMES DANIEL MCKINNON, OF PORTLAND, OREGON.

COMBINATION-Too L.

SPECIFICATION fOr-ming` partof Letters Patent NO. 726,973, dated May 5,1903. Application filed August4 19I 1902. Serial No. 120,219. (Nomodel.) Y

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES DANIEL McKIN- NON, of Portland, in the countyof Multnomah and State of Oregon, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Combina.- tion-Tools; and I do hereby declare thefollowing-to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same. Y

My invention relates to an improvement in a combination-tool capable ofuse as a square, level, bevel, and automatic protractor, the objecty ofthe invention being to provide a cheap and simple mechanical andmathematical instrument by the use of which a practical man will be ableto make a fairly accurate survey preparatory to the erection ofbuildings or other engineering-work and also to provide a combinationdevice that will be useful to mechanics generally.

Vith these ends in view my invention consists in the parts andcombinations of parts and details of construction, as will be more fullydescribed, and'pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view in elevation of myimprovement, showing the blade at rightanglesto the stock and alsoshowing the blade dotted in at an angle of forty-five degrees to thestock. Fig. 2 is a View in side elevation with the blade inclosed withinthe stock and showing the spirit-level. Fig. 3 is a view on the line a:x

of Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 is a similar view on the line y y of Fig..2. I

1 represents a stock, preferably made of wood and provided with a slot2, extending from one end to a point adjacent to the other end. Theclosed end of this slot is preferably provided with a beveled Wall toreceive the beveled end 4 of the blade 3 and prevent the latter frombeing opened at the wrong side of the stock. rlhis blade isapproximately the same width as the stock, .so asto be protected therebywhen in a closed position, and its outer end 5 is rounded, as showm-toconform to the rounded end 6 of the stock 1. This slot 2 in stock 1 isconsiderably thicker than the thickness of the blade 3, so as toaccommodate the latter and also the protractor-arm, and the blade ispivoted to the stock by the thumbscrew 7, which latter engages femalethreads in the stock beneath the slot. Mounted on the th amb-screw,within the slot and bearing on the upper face of the blade, is thewasher 8. This Washer not only forms a clamp for binding or locking theblade in any position which it may be placed, but also forms an abutmentfor the protractor-arm when the blade is turned to a position in linewith the stock, thus preventing the blade from passing beyond thelongitudinal axis of the stock. The blade is preferably made of metal,and the protractor-arm 9 is also preferably made of metal and isprovided at its inner end with an enlarged hub 10, Which latter fitsWithin a corresponding cylindrical recess in that section of the stockcarrying the screw which holds the protractorearm in place, the sectionofthe stock on the opposite side of the slot having an opening 11,through which the boring-tool for forming recess 10 enters. The enlargedhub of the protractor-arm 9 rests within the recess 10 and is providedwith a female-threaded opening to receive the screw 12. The portion ofthe stock carrying the screws 7 and 12 is recessed or cutaway, as

shown in Fig. 2, to permit the tops of the substantially as shown andcarries the block 13, which latter rests and moves Within the ielongated slot 14, extending from near one end of the blade 2 to theother end thereof. rIhe arm 9 is pivoted to the block at 13a, and thelatter is providedon itsfacelopposite that engaged by the arm with lipsor flanges 15, which-latter overlap the adjacent walls of the slot andprevent a separation'of the protractor-arm from the blade when thelatter is in use. The slot 14 is enlarged, as shown at 16, theenlargement being just sufficient to receive the flanges or lips 15 whenthe blade is partly withdrawn from the stock. Hence when it is desiredto use the bladewithout the protractor-arm the blade can 'be partlywithdrawn until the enlargement of the slot therein alines with the lipsor iianges 15,When the latter can be pushed through` theslt, thusdisconnecting the blade from the'protractor-arm. To again connect up theparts, the protractor-arm and blade should be moved to the positionwhere the lips or fianges will enter the slot, and then by eitheropening or IOC closing the blade the parts will become locked againstdisplacement. Y

The side of the blade 2 adjacent to the lips or anges 15 is grooved, asshown at 17, so that the lips or iianges move within this slot or grooveand in a plane below the outer face When the blade 3 is placed at rightangles' to stock l, as shown in full lines in Fig. 1, a right-angledisosceles triangle is produced by drawing a straight line through thecenters of screws 7 and 12,7 and 13,and 12 and 13a. With the parts thusplaced to form this right-angle triangle the base of the block 13 willstand at zero or ninety degrees. With'this base-mark thus obtained thelocation of the marks that indicate the degrees or angles may now beascertained by mathematical calculation in the ordinary manner, whichmarks should be properly stamped and numbered on both sides of the bladeSand on opposite sides of the slot 14. The object of numbering in thismanner is to enable a person to readily read the degree of angle o aright angle to the horizon in both directions and back froml the horizonto ninety degrees in both directions, as may be desired.

Blade 3 is beveled on both edges on the side removed from arm 9, so thatit may be used as a ruler for drawingink-lines when desired'.

Owing to the fact that the marks and numbers come pretty close togetherat the extremes of the acute and obtuse angles formed by closing andopening the blade, it is difficult to divide up the rst ten degreesabove the horizon and have the marks separated sufficiently to enablethem to be readily seen with the eye. To overcome this objection, I markthe first ten degrees above the horizon transversely across the blade,as shown at 18, and these degrees or angles are obtained by moving themark representing the proper or desired angle into alinement with theadjacent edge of the stock.

The level-glass 18a can be inserted in the ordinary manner within thestock 1 on one or both edges of the latter.

From the construction it will be seen that the device forms a square,bevel, level, and automatic protractor, and with this instrument apractical man may in the absence of a civil engineer and his instrumentsmake a pretty fair survey preparatory to building, or use it forestablishing grades, slopes, and angles, and is also a useful instrumentfor mechanics generally.

It is evident that many slight vchanges might be resorted to in therelative arrangement of parts herein shown and described withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of my invention. Hence I would haveit understood that I do not wish to confine myself to the exactconstruction and arrangement of parts herein shown and described; but,

Having fully described my invention, wh at I claim as new, and desire tosecu re by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination with a slotted stock, of a blade pivoted to the stockand adapted to be folded into the slot in the stock, said blade beingprovided with au elongated slot, and an arm pivoted to the stock, thepivot of the arm bearing a fixed and unchangeable relation to thepivoted end of the blade, and

a block carried by the freeend of said arm and disposed within the slotin the blade.

2. The combination with a stock having a slot therein, the latterextending through one end of the stock, of a slotted blade pivoted tothe stock at the open end of the slot, an arm mounted on a pivot, thelatter` having a fixed uuchangeable relation to the pivoted end of theblade, a block carried by the free end of the arm and resting and movingwithin the slot in the blade, and a screw for clamping the blade againstmovement.

3. The combination with a stock having a slot open at one end, and ablade, of a screw pivotally securing the blade in the slot at the openend of the latter, a washer or shoulder embracing the screw Within theslot in the stock and bearing on the blade, and an arm pivoted at oneend to the stock within the slot and connected at its other end to theblade.

4. The combination with a slotted stock, a blade, a screw pivotallysecuring the blade to the stock, and a Washer or shoulder embracing thescrew within the slot and bearing on the blade, of an arm pivoted to thestock within the slot and provided with a curved outer end, and a blockcarried by said curved outer end and resting Within a slot in the blade.

5. The combination with a slotted stock, a blade, a screw pivotallysecuring the blade to the stock, and a washer or shoulder embracing thescrew within the slot and bearing on the blade, of an` arm pivoted tothe stock within the slot and provided with a curved outer end and ablock carried by said curved `outer end and resting within a slot in theblade and provided with flanges which underlap or take over the sidewalls of said slot in the blade.

6. The combination with a slotted stock and a blade pivoted in one endof the slot in 'the stock and adapted to be inclosed within said slot,said blade provided with anvelongated slot, the said slot in the bladebeing lenlarged at one point, of an arm pivoted in the slot of the stockand carrying a block 'which rests and moves within the slot in theblade, the said block being provided with overlapping anges or lipsadapted to be passed through the enlarged section of the IOO IIO

blade having a longitudinal slot therein, and grooves on one side of theblade on opposite sides of the slot, of au arm -pivoted to the stock,the pivot of the arm bearing a Xed and unchangeable relation to thepivot of the blade, and a block carried by the arm and resting andmoving in the slot in the arm, the said block having overlapping flangeswhich rest and move Within the grooves in the blade.

8. As a new article of manufacture, a device comprising a stock carryinga levelglass, a blade pivoted to the stock, the said blade being beveledat its free end and slotted longitudinally, an arm pivoted t'o thestock, the pivot of the arm bearing a fixed r 5 and unchangeablerelation to the pivot of the blade and a block pivoted to the free endof the arm and resting and moving Within the slot in the blade.

In testimony whereof I have signed this zo specification in the presenceof two subscribing Witnesses.

JAMES DANIEL MCKINNON.

Witnesses:

ED. F. CAUKIN, NEWTON MoCoY.

